Systems | Free Full-Text | Metacybernetics: Towards a General Theory of Higher Order Cybernetics

"The Nature of Cybernetics There are many definitions of cybernetics [29], with illustration in Principia Cybernetica Web: the 18th century French physicist and mathematician André-Marie Ampère thought that there was a need for a science of control that could be used on governments; some two centuries later, in the 1940s, for Norbert Wiener it is the science of communication and control in the animal and the machine; Warren McCulloch thought it to be an experimental epistemology concerned with c...